This conference was the closing event of a three-month stay of a team selected by the International Programme for Advanced Studies conducted by the Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme (France) in collaboration with Columbia University (USA). At Fall 2008, Vasant Kaiwar and Sucheta Mazumdar from Duke University (USA), Carlos Antonio Aguirre Rojas from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico) and Thierry Labica from Paris X University (France) met for joint research on « Structure and Categories of Knowledge Production : The Universal and the Particular ». While the project has addressed a number of issues, with the participation of additional scholars, the team members submit here four presentations on « Existing Globalization and its Alternatives » commented upon by academics from Paris and Mexico : « Globalization’s Grand Narratives of Regress : Women, Religion and its Restoration » (Labica) ; « Race, Civilizational Model and Eugenics Thought in China » (Mazumdar) ; « What is Postcolonialist Orientalism and How does it Matter ? » (Kaiwar) and finally « Political Lessons of the New Anti-systemic Movements in Latin America » (Aguirre Rojas).