Family trajectories and the use of pesticides in key agricultural territories
Trajectoires familiales et utilisation des pesticides dans des territoires agricoles à enjeux
Résumé
In the framework of the French national plan Ecophyto (1, 2 and 2+), changes in practices aimed at a reduction in the use of plant protection products) is a key issue. If we refer to the indicator used to assess the impact of this policy, the Number of Doses per Unit (NODU), the overall result is disappointing with regard to the target of a 50% reduction is their use within ten years18. The causes of the difficulty in reversing the trend in the use of phytosanitary products are open to debate and vary according to the actors involved. Guichard et al.19 evidence two major impediments. The first lies in the lack of a systemic vision of the Ecophyto plan exclusively focused on the farmers and their advisers, thus ignoring the "socio-technical stumbling blocks" or the "interdependence linking the whole range of economic stakeholders"20, in agreement with a criticism expressed in the Potier report regarding "a vision that is too strictly technical and 'not systemic enough'"21. The second impediment concerns the choice and the use of monitoring indicators which remain essentially quantitative, and do not offer a way to identify more discrete changes or the precursors of change. It is in this context that the Trajectoires project has been conceived with a view to contributing to the reflexion on changing practices in the use of phytosanitary products. As regards the limitations of an approach based on assessment by quantitative and quantified indicators, the research is based mainly on qualitative data resulting from sociological interviews, reflecting the points of view and experiences of farmers and other stakeholders in the world of agriculture.
Le projet Trajectoires, basé sur une comparaison de quatre territoires agricoles (Camargue, Alpilles Nord et Sud, Hérault et Beaujolais), repose sur une approche sociologique qualitative et sur une démarche interdisciplinaire entre sciences sociales et sciences de l’environnement pour étudier les trajectoires familiales et territoriales quant à l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires.
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