The recent methodological renewal in Economic and Social History opens up new perspectives. New issues and new analytical tools encourage a different look at local history. The purpose of the thesis is to understand the normalization of wine over an average time, based on concrete facts. The wine standard is viewed through the socio-economic prism. Here, wine quickly became the structuring product of the Hérault economy, and more broadly Mediterranean, during the second half of the nineteenth century. The Biterrois forces the line by turning to an intense wine specialization. Béziers and Marseillan represent the main cities of this territory. Between the 1850s and the beginning of the twentieth century, Béziers became a real regional or even national capital in the wine trade. All the villages of Biterrois are oriented towards this sector. The vast majority of local society depends on the production and trading of wines. Social actors then produce new strategies that need to be analyzed in both a quantitative and qualitative approach. The notion of norm is interdependent on political and legislative developments, technical progress and practices, the positioning of social actors and also their relationship to the territory. The legal context is changing in the face of major transformations in the market and the circulation of products. The market is changing with the transport revolution. Gradually, the standard of wines is more exposed to conditions that complicate its construction. It then becomes more vulnerable. Several hypotheses are to be considered. The thesis is based on the observation of normative deviances.From these, an evolution of practices is identified and makes it possible to apprehend a new periodization.